Question 1.                       

Depending on its goals, an organization can be classified as

for-profit, mature, or social good

social good, for-profit, or not-for-profit

not-for-profit, governmental, or for-profit

exempt, for-profit, or governmental

Question 2.                       

Which of the following is NOT one of Peter Drucker’s contributions to management theory?

The analysis of how organizations select managers, how managers act, and how organizations are structured in different units.

The understanding of the role large organizations play in modern society.

The focus on the role of human interactions, flows of information, and the decision-making process within organizations.

The analysis of how social organizations become corporations.

Question 3.                       

Which of the following scenarios best describes “firefighting”?

When a manager must react to crises and emergencies on the fly.

When a manager must react to crises and emergencies on the basis of preset plans.

When a manager’s mistakes lead to crises and emergencies.

When a manager is so competent, crises and emergencies almost never occur.

Question 4.                       

Before establishing her own dentist office, Dr. Thorton evaluates other dentist services in the area. What element of a SWOT analysis would other dentist services most closely represent?

strength

opportunity

threat

weakness

Question 5.                       

Howard is the CEO of Run! Jump! Sing!, a chain of indoor play gyms for toddlers and preschoolers. After repeatedly hearing from gym staff that several children have been hurt in the bounce house play area, Howard decides to remove all bounce houses from Run! Jump! Sing! establishments. What kind of assessment is this most likely described as?

strategic assessment

tactical/functional assessment

operational assessment

external environmental assessment

Question 6.                       

Bella is head server at a chic Italian restaurant. What kind of manager is Bella?

front-line manager

middle manager

executive manager

a nonmanagerial employee

Question 7.                       

The four Ps of marketing are Products, Prices, Place, and _______________________.

People

Profit

Planning

Promotion

Question 8.                       

In economic downturns, forecasters may witness rising sales in which of the following industries?

automobiles and housing

housing and fast food

automobiles and gardening equipment

fast food and gardening equipment

Question 9.                       

________ is/are an example of a recession-sensitive industry, while ________ is/are an example of a recession-proof industry.

toiletries; construction

auto parts; air travel

air travel; toiletries

toiletries; auto parts

Question 10.                   

All of the following are considered noncontrollable forces EXCEPT

social trends

technological changes

local communities

political forces

Week 4 – Laboratory 2

Reproductive System
Explore the Virtual Model links on the eScienceLabs portal to review the anatomy and answer the lab report questions. At the end of this lab exercise, you will be able to identify which anatomy is comparative in function in the male system versus the female system. You will fill in your answers on the Lab Report form linked in the Week Four lab exercise area on the eScience Lab portal.
For this assignment you must:

• Answer questions one through six.

Your assignment must be formatted according to APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Carefully review the  Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

Week 4 Assignment 2: Virtual Model – The Reproductive System

Submission Instructions: Please complete your answers to the lab questions on this form. Please complete your answers, and SAVE the file in a location which you will be able to find again. Then, attach and submit the completed form to the Week 4 Laboratory dropbox in the Ashford University classroom.

Post-Lab Questions:

1. What female reproductive structure is functionally homologous to the glans penis?

2. What female reproductive structure is functionally homologous to the testes?

3. Identify two features (vessels, glands, cavities, etc.) which are not included in the Virtual Model. Describe their respective functions.

4. Is the vesicaurinaria superior or inferior to the prostate?

5. In what two organ systems does the penis function?

6. Do any of the female reproductive organs function in more than one mammalian organ systems?

(2 points) Synaptic pruning is the process by which neurons seldom stimulated lose their connective fibers the two brain hemispheres lateralize during early childhood neural fibers become myelinated as a result of stimulation of the brain new synaptic connections are formed by environmental stimulation 2 (2 points) Donnie and Vinny are playing with similar objects in the same room, without looking at one another at all. They are engaging in _____ play. nonsocial parallel cooperative associative 3 (2 points) Robert was upset when his family car hit a dog. Although the dog was OK and ran away, Robert insisted that his father go back and “Run over the dog backwards, so he’ll be okay.” Although incorrect in this assumption, Robert is displaying egocentric thought idiosyncratic reasoning hierarchical classification reversibility of thought 4 (2 points) Understanding that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same even though their outward appearance has changed is egocentrism object permanence animism conservation 5 (2 points) Which of the developmental trends matches most closely with the maturation rates of the two hemispheres of the brain? spatial skills develop very rapidly in early childhood control over the arms develops before control over the feet children show a strong hand preference from birth language skills develop very rapidly in early childhood 6 (2 points) A major factor that determines what foods children will prefer is their genetic preference for very salty foods repeated exposure to a food direct pressure to eat a particular type of food their genetic preference for very sweet foods 7 (2 points) When parents have difficulty controlling their own anger adn hostility, their children tend to be more empathic be fearful and shy have problems regulating emotion have higher IQs 8 (2 points) A set of attitudes, abilities, and values that define an individual are known as identification the self-concept self-knowledge individuation 9 (2 points) While Jesse plays, his mother comments and encourages him without giving direct instructions. This form of supportive communication is known as bootstrapping discovery learning guided participation scaffolding 10 (2 points) Which of the following statements about sex differences in aggression is true? As soon as children become aware of gender stereotypes, overt aggression drops off for boys Preschool and school-age girls are just as aggressive than boys Girls are more likely to engage in overt aggression Boys are more likely to engage in relational aggression 11 (2 points) ____ hormone and ____ hormone are pituitary hormones that affect children’s growth luteinizing; thyroid-stimulating growth; melanocyte-stimulating growth; thyroid-stimulating luteinizing; melanocyte-stimulating 12 (2 points) Researchers at a child-care center observed children who had been physically abused. Compared to their nonabused peers, abused children were more likely to ____ when another child was in distress be more empathic seek the help of an adult cry respond with anger 13 (2 points) Christine frequently plays alone with puzzles, crayons, and construction materials. It is likely that Christine is cognitively but not socially delayed bright and socially competent cognitively and socially delayed socially delayed but bright 14 (2 points) Natascha wants to design a play environment that will enhance the make-believe play of her preschoolers. WHich of the following things should she do? Offer a wide variety of realistic materials as well as materials without a clear function Limit the amount of space and play materials so that the children will not be distracted from themake-believe task Allow the children to resolve their own disagreements without adult interference Select the topic for play and then direct the children’s activities 15 (2 points) Children who spend more time in sociodramatic play are at risk for social rejection less socially competent advanced in cognitive development more physically skilled than their agemates 16 (2 points) Young Fletcher notices a four-legged creature and calls it a ‘dog’, ignoring the telltale facial features and stripes that indicate the creature is a tiger. Fletcher is demonstrating irreversibility centration conservation perception bound thought 17 (2 points) The best way of estimating a child’s physical maturity is to use skeletal age weight height head circumference 18 (2 points) According to Piaget, which of the following would have the greatest impact on mental representation for a child in the preoperational stage? playing with a ball asking a parent to get a ball dreaming about a ball looking at a ball 19 (2 points) On the average, 2- and 3- year-olds need ____ hours of sleep and 4- to 6- year-olds need _____ hours 10 to 11; 8 to 9 14 to 15; 10 to 11 14 to 15; 8 to 9 12 to 13; 10 to 11 20 (2 points) Piaget used the term _______ to describe mental representations of actions that obey logical rules organization operations function programs 21 (2 points) During early childhood, on the average, children grow about _____ inches and gain about ______ pounds each year. 3 to 4; 10 1 to 2; 10 4 to 5 5 2 to 3; 5 22 (2 points) According to Vygotsky, children speak to themselves because they are lonely for the pleasure of hearing their own voice because they are egocentric for self-guidance 23 (2 points) Myelination of the ____ throughout early childhood and into adolescence contributes to improvements in sustained, controlled attention cerebellum reticular formation frontal lobe parietal lobe 24 (2 points) A decline in appetite during the preschool years suggests a pituitary hormone disorder occurs because growth has slowed is an early sign of deprivation dwarfism indicates a deficiency of thyroxine 25 (2 points) Right-handed children are more likely than left-handed children to be weakly lateralized develop outstanding verbal and mathematical skills lie turned toward the left during the prenatal period be ambidextrous 26 (2 points) _______ refers to the judgements we make bout our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgements emotional self-regulation Self-concept self-esteem self-consciousness 27 (2 points) In comparing Piaget’s and vygotsky’s theories, Piaget’s theory paid more attention to the development of basic cognitive processes Vygotsky, but not Piaget, attempted to understand the significance of children’s private speech Vygotsky placed more emphasis on skills such as categorization and problem-solving Piaget’s theory pointed out the importance of children’s communication with caregivers 28 (2 points) Which of the following is 3-year-old Leah most likely to believe is alive? the kitchen table a rock a crayon a train 29 (2 points) Neo-Piagetian theorists combine Piaget’s stage approach with an emphasis on ethology behavioral theory information processing psychoanalytic thought 30 (2 points) ______ has/have been shown to strengthen attention, memory, logical reasoning, language, imagination, and creativity Fine motor tasks Make-believe play Animistic thinking Sensorimotor activity 31 (2 points) The original inspiration for the cognitive-developmental approach to morality was the ethological theorists work of Piaget information-processing theory of cognition belief that moral development is a lifelong process 32 (2 points) Which of these influences has the strongest effect on the age at which children lose their primary teeth? Prolonged malnutrition Oral hygiene Environmental pollution Breast- versus bottle- feeding 33 (2 points) At what point are helpful and generous models most influential on children’s prosocial behavior? toddlerhood during the early elementary years infancy during the preschool years 34 (2 points) Seth’s parents make sure to provide him with lots of rich, real-world experiences and restrict his television viewing to one hour of “Sesame Street” per week. Which of the following statements about Seth is probably accurate? Seth has limites social knowledge to incorporate into fantasy play Seth’s parents are limiting his ability to engage in fantasy play Seth’s fantasy play will contain many violent themes Seth’s fantasy play involves very little aggressive behavior 35 (2 points) An overproduction of ____ during early childhood supports the plasticity of the brain dendrites axons synapses glial cells 36 (2 points) In Freud’s theory, a young girl identifies with her mother by doing new activities with her mother rejecting her father altogether feeling that her mother loves her unconditionally taking on her mother’s characteristics, including morals and gender-role standards 37 (2 points) According to Piaget, the preoperational stage begins at _____ and ends at _____ 2 years; 7 years 7 years; 10 years 4 years; 6 years birth; 4 years 38 (2 points) X-rays of ______ permit doctors to estimate children’s progress toward physical maturity growth cells epiiphyses fontannels cartilage cells 39 (2 points) Which of the following is supported by research on sleep? About half of preschoolers experience frequent difficulty falling and staying asleep Most children begin having night mares during toddlerhood Bedtime rituals become less important to children during the preschool years than they wre dureing toddlerhood In some cultures, daytime napping persists throughtou adulthood 40 (2 points) Parents use ______ with boys than girls fewer time outs less physical discipline and more “reasoning” more consistent discipline harsher discipline 41 (2 points) The make-believe play with others that first appears between 2 and 3 years is called sociodramatic play parallel play egocentric play animistic play 42 (2 points) Sean and Jordan are playing in the sandbox. Sean says, “Use the wet sand for the castle. No, the blocks will be best. Were are the blocks?” Jordan is playing with a truck at the other end of the sandbox. According to Piaget, Sean’s speech is communicative adaptive egocentric private 43 (2 points) When 4-year-old Nicholas sees a tree blowing in the wind, he says, “Look! The tree is waving at!” Nicholas is demonstrating dual representation centration animistic thinking conservation 44 (2 points) Cross-cultural research demonstrates that growth norms vary within a culture and vary by socioeconomic status vary by culture are not good standards against which to judge health problems for children in nonindustrialized countries are universal 45 (2 points) Children and adults who exhibit either masculine or androgynous characteristics are maladjusted are extremely rare are higher in self-esteem possess neither feminine nor masculine characteristics 46 (2 points) A major change in represrntation that increases steadily from 4 to 8 years of age is the appearance of self-directed sociodramatic play directing pretend actions toward other objects the awareness that make-believe is a representational activity the use of less realistic toys in make-believe play 47 (2 points) The gland located at the base of the brain that releases hormones affecting physical growth is the ____ gland thyroid ciliary adrenal pituitary 48 (2 points) Cartoon TV shows designed specifically for children are less violent than adult shows have no effect on aggression, since children do not understand them contain more acts of violence than any other type of program actually decrease aggression by providing an acceptable emotional outlet 49 (2 points) As children move from the sensorimotor to the preoperational stage, the use of objects in play become more functinal and realistic thinking becomes related to logical rules make-believe play dimishes symbolic mental activity increases 50 (2 points) According to Erikson, _____ is a means through which preschools can try new skills with little risk of criticism and failure play daydreaming having a temper tantrum displaying sympathy 51 (2 points) The _____ is a structure at the rear and base of the brain that aids in balance and control of body movement spinal cord cerebral cortex corpus callosum cerebellum 52 (2 points) By age 7, American low-SES children are, on the average, About 1 inch shorter than the average for middle-SES children Much more variable in size compared to middle-SES children No different in size than their middle-SES agemates Comparable to low-SES children in other industrialized countries

Review the “Thinking Critically” section – “When Globalization Comes Home: Maquiladoras South of the Border Please respond to all of the following prompts:

Thinking CRITICALLY

When Globalization Comes Home: Maquiladoras South of the Border

Two hundred thousand Mexicans rush to Juarez each year, fleeing the hopelessness of the rural areas in pursuit of a better life. They have no running water or plumbing, but they didn’t have any in the country either, and here they have the possibility of a job, a weekly check to buy food for the kids. The pay is $100 for a 48-hour work week, about $2 an hour (Harris 2008). This may not sound like much, but it is more than twice the minimum daily wage in Mexico. Assembly-for-export plants, known as maquiladoras, dot the Mexican border (Wise and Cypher 2007). The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) allows U.S. companies to import materials to Mexico without paying tax and to then export the finished products into the United States, again without tax. It’s a sweet deal: few taxes and $17 a day for workers starved for jobs. That these workers live in shacks, with no running water or sewage disposal is not the employers’ concern. Nor is the pollution. The stinking air doesn’t stay on the Mexican side of the border. Neither does the garbage. Heavy rains wash torrents of untreated sewage and industrial wastes into the Rio Grande (Lacey 2007). There is also the loss of jobs for U.S.workers. Six of the fifteen poorest cities in the United States are located along the sewage-infested Rio Grande. NAFTA didn’t bring poverty to these cities.They were poor before this treaty, but residents resent the jobs they’ve seen move across the border (Thompson 2001). What if the maquiladora workers organize and demand better pay? Farther south, even cheaper labor beckons. Guatemala and Honduras will gladly take the maquiladoras. Mexico has already lost many of its maquiladora jobs to places where people even more desperate will work for even less (Brown 2008). Many Mexican politicians would say that this presentation is one-sided.“Sure there are problems,” they would say,“but that is always how it is when a country industrializes. Don’t

you realize that the maquiladoras bring jobs to people who have no work? They also bring roads, telephone lines, and electricity to undeveloped areas.” “In fact,” said Vicente Fox, when he was the president of Mexico,“workers at the maquiladoras make more than the

average salary in Mexico—and that’s what we call fair wages” (Fraser 2001). For Your Consideration Let’s apply our three theoretical perspectives. Conflict theorists say that capitalists try to weaken the bargaining power of workers by exploiting divisions among them. In what is known as the split labor market, capitalists pit one group of workers against another to lower the cost of labor. How do you think that maquiladoras fit this conflict perspective?

• Explain the role you play in the pattern of global stratification around the world, as represented by the maquiladoras?
• How do you add to the problem of the less fortunate around the world, like the maquiladoras?
• What can or should be done to eliminate global stratification and the culture of poverty? Explain.
• Explain how each of the sociological perspectives would explain poverty. Be certain to use all three major sociological theoretical perspectives individually — functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism — in your discussion.