Organizations in project management

Organizations in project management categorized into three major types. In this case, we shall distinguish three types of organization in project management. One is functional organizational in which they are arranged around the operations the organization needs to be performed (Fortune, & White, 2006). Projectized organizations are arranged around projects for maximum project management productiveness. Matrix organizations are organizations with systems that bear a blend of the properties of  Projectized and Functional organizations.

Some challenges influence the organizational culture that the manager faces in project management. Kerzner, H. (2017) asserted that it could either be positive or negative organizational cultures. Some examples of negative organizational cultures are, avoiding to take responsibilities, and avoiding social interaction. Some of the examples of positive organizational cultures are motivations through teamwork and creativity, social interactions, and supportiveness.

A project life cycle refers to the steps followed by project administrators when moving through the phases of project execution. According to Labuschagne & Brent (2005), it is a common procedure by which project managers realize the success of the projectThe concept stage initiates the idea and the goals of a project that is problem identification and resource planning. The planning phase is the second phase in a project lifecycle. It includes determining the availability of resources, creation of project budget, and allocating the tasks to certain funds. The third phase is the implementation stage, where the real work of the project management is performed. It typically involves strategic and implementation planning. The fourth and the final stage is the project closure. It involves the disbanding of the project managers, releasing resources to the initial organization, and releasing a project to deliberate users.

In project management, all stakeholders have different roles and responsibilities. According to Thamhain, H. J. (2004) pointed out that at the executive level, there is an executive sponsor and project sponsor. The role of the executive sponsor is to control the budget and make decisions on resources and project deliverables. Project sponsor on the hand plays the same role as an executive sponsor in that executive can dedicate any of his roles to project sponsor. At the managerial level, there is a project manager who is driving the team to complete the project as planned. A project team member is a stakeholder who actively takes part in the overall project deliverables.