How do governments justify coercion against their own citizens?

How do governments justify coercion against their own citizens?

1

How do governments justify coercion against their own citizens? Is there any legitimate reason for coercion in a democratic society?

2

Does Congress as an institution-with its long-serving members, seniority system, leadership, and committees-best reflect the majoritarian or pluralist model of democracy?(see textbook glossary for definitions)

3

How much control does the president have over the bureaucracy? Should the federal government have more political appointments so that the president can make the bureaucracy more responsive to his wishes? Why or why not?

4

Some Supreme Court observers argue that the Court should play a self-restrained (strict constructionist) role in policy-making, whereas others support judicial activism. What arguments have been raised by those encouraging self-restraint/strict-constructionism? How would those in favor of judicial activism respond?