How to Use Common Statistical Tests to Draw Conclusions From Data

  • Based upon the input from Units 1 and 2, you have just received your next assignment that will contribute to your next decision. For the outdoor sporting goods client, based upon your prior decision as to either expand to the next market or retain your current position, justify your decision further utilizing the Chi-Square Distribution tool. One key criterion point: You do not have adequate data to formulate a full Chi-Square for the outdoor sporting goods client. However, you do have sufficient data to initiate this process. You are charged to demonstrate the initial steps of a nonparametric test that are qualitative. Utilizing the null and alternative hypothesis, further present your justifications for your selection and what it means beyond the mere formulas. What is this going to tell the Board of Directors and contribute to the decision-making process?

    The following information may be helpful in understanding Chi-Square and hypothesis testing:

    Chi-Square and Hypothesis Testing

    Please review this helpful video. The presenter uses the “flip of the coin” and the “role of the die.” These are examples and analogies used in the CTU resources.

    The following are assumptions you might make in this assignment that might make the assignment more helpful and make the responses more uniform:

    • Continue to utilize the Big D scenario. Work under the assumption that the sample is based upon two different proposed product lines.
    • Additionally, work under the assumption that the same demographics are utilized for each product.

    Reference

    Bozeman Science. (2011, November 13). Chi-squared test [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXPBoFDqNVk

    Please submit your assignment.

    Scenario:

    We grade Discussion Boards and Individual Projects using three project criteria: Task Requirements, Demonstration and Application of Knowledge, and Academic Writing and Format. We score each project criterion using four performance values: Unsatisfactory, Developing, Effective, and Proficient. Please see the following tables for the details.

    WidgeCorp became the market leader in snack foods after acquiring a rival company, Company W. Their management style and business decision-making differed. Employees at WidgeCorp collected relevant data and through statistical analysis used this information to draw conclusions and make appropriate recommendations. Company W tended to rely on the experience and judgment of its managers. For the time being, both companies are being managed separately, but within the next twelve months they will merge all management, processes, and accounting. You work for Company W and are a little nervous about this new way of working, but realize that you need to be able to present issues and recommendations with statistical verification to the WidgeCorp executives. You will also introduce and employ statistical analysis to the senior management of Company W’s various departments such as Marketing, Sales, and Production. Part of your job will be to educate Company W as well.

Discuss on Advanced Marketing

Marketing Plan: Part I
Throughout this course, you will compile a comprehensive marketing plan using one of the product/service scenarios listed
below. (Note: You will use the same scenario throughout the course.) This scenario will be the basis of your start-up
company and will be the catalyst for the three parts of the marketing plan that you will compose in Units II (Part I), IV (Part II),
and VII (Part III). The company that you choose to submit a marketing plan for is a fictional start-up company (not an existing
company).
Scenarios for your start-up company are explained below. (Note that these descriptions are basic, and you will need to be
creative and develop the business idea/model for your selected scenario.)
Scenario #1
Travel Supreme is a start-up travel organization with the mission of assisting customers with travel planning. While today’s
customers enjoy developing their vacations themselves, Travel Supreme believes there are travel services that are still in
demand. Initial research needs to develop what types of travel services are in demand by this target market.
Scenario #2
IT to Seniors is a start-up company interested in ensuring a positive experience for seniors (65 and older) with respect to
the use of technological gadgets, software, the Internet, and/or any additional aspects of technology. Initial research will
provide an idea of the business model that would be in most demand for this target market.
Scenario #3
Galaxy Restaurant is a start-up restaurant developed with the idea of providing the customer with a unique dining
experience. This could extend from the product offering, service offering, atmosphere, or a host of other unique
experiences. Initial research will provide an idea of what this unique dining experience would look like.
Scenario #4
Women on the Go is a startup company targeted at women who need assistance with the selection and purchasing of their
clothing/accessories. This service is aimed at the more affluent customer who simply does not have the time and/or
knowledge to dress to the business or social setting that they are expected to fulfill. Initial research will provide insight into
the types of services that this particular target market would be interested in.
Remember to choose one of the aforementioned scenarios to use for the entire course. Submissions will be completed in
Units II, IV, VI, and VII and, together, will comprise a full marketing plan. While this is a cumulative marketing plan, submit
only the designated unit’s work.
This unit’s submission should consist of the items listed below.
Include an introduction/overview of the company.
This section of the marketing plan should introduce the company and business model along with a brief description of
the products/services.
Discuss market research strategies.
This section of the marketing plan should discuss the research strategies that will be used by your company to
understand the target market(s), industry, competition, and/or any other aspects of the company that will provide
valuable insight into profitable operations.
Describe the macro environment through a political, economic, social, and technological (PEST) analysis.
In this section, you will compile a PEST analysis of your company. You will analyze how the changes in the macro
environment as described in the PEST will impact the company and, specifically, the marketing decisions.
The format of the submission should be in essay format using subheadings. Use APA format. Additionally, you need to
include a minimum of five sources, three of which must be peer-reviewed, academic sources that are no more than 5 years
old. The submission should be a minimum of three pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages)

Types of Consumer Offerings

TOPIC 1: Product Descriptions

As we have been noting in earlier weeks, “product” is a generic term to mean tangible goods, services, or ideas. Most products are a combination of tangible goods and service and fall somewhere on a continuum like this:

graphic with arrows on both ends labeled tangible and intangible, ranging from salt at the tangible end to haircut at the intangible endSelect one of your favorite products and describe it terms of its:

  • features
  • benefits
  • price
  • total cost of ownership

Be sure you refer to these concepts in the week’s readings before tackling this description.

  • Then, identify where your product would fall on the product/service continuum and why you chose that location. Use percentages such as 25 percent product and 75 percent service.
  • Lastly, does the product have any product lines? If so, how do they differ from the “core product” in terms of additional benefits or features?

Comment on at least one (1) of the posts of classmates if you are familiar with products they have chosen and what your thoughts are on the description and the continuum choice. Use a minimum of one (1) reference to support your remarks.

TOPIC 2: Types of Consumer Offerings

This section of the week’s readings describes the types of consumer offerings with four categories:

  1. Convenience offerings
  2. Shopping offerings
  3. Specialty offerings
  4. Unsought offerings

Consider your own purchase behaviors. Identify a product that, for you, falls into each of the four categories. Be sure to consider why you chose each of the categories for each product and share that with your professor and classmates.

As you read through your classmates’ posts, you will most likely notice that the same product can be a different category for different customers; if so, share your observations with your classmates.

Interact with at least one (1) classmate and use a minimum of one (1) reference.

TOPIC 3: Product Life Cycle

The value of the product life cycle is that it provides clues as to what marketing mix strategies might need to change as the product moves through the cycle. For example, a high-tech product being launched will have to decide whether to use penetration or skimming pricing strategy. That pricing strategy will then determine how much marketing communications is needed and what distribution strategy is needed. Because high-tech products are particularly susceptible to competition and entry of substitute products, the company needs to stimulate sales early, knowing the product life cycle may be short.

Pick one of the following products and identify which stage of the life cycle you believe it is in and why. You don’t need to do research; just use your personal experience and judgment. You may want to check out the product’s website. Then, identify what needs to be done to the marketing mix based on the stage you selected.

  1. Apple iWatch
  2. Kellogg All-Bran cereal
  3. Crest Complete toothpaste
  4. Ford Focus automobile
  5. Häagen-Dazs ice cream
  6. Libby Sweet Peas canned vegetables
  7. Rolling Barn Door Hardware by CSH
  8. Beyond Meat Chicken Free Strips

Since each of you are picking different products, scroll through some responses and see if you have a different point of view and post as appropriate.

You don’t need to respond to another student; however, you need to use at least one (1) reference.

The development of marketing objectives

This is a 4 part assignment – the initial 2 parts of the marketing plan are attached.

1) Marketing Objectives

You will submit the third section of your marketing plan, the Marketing Objectives, as your graded assignment in this module. You should also continue working on the project by considering the questions in the Developing Your Marketing Plan section at the end of your reading for this module. As a reminder, you do not need to submit answers to these questions, but they will help you gather and analyze the information you need to create your marketing plan

2) Marketing Strategies and Implementation

 

In this assignment, you will submit the Marketing Objectives section of your marketing plan project. Marketing objectives describe specific goals that will be achieved through marketing. The development of marketing objectives is based on environmental analysis, SWOT analysis, the firm’s overall corporate objectives, and the organization’s resources.

In your section, identify at least two marketing objectives for your company. For each one, specify the qualitative and quantitative measures of what is to be accomplished.

This section should be 200-300 words long. It should be well organized and written using complete sentences. Include specific details, statistics, and any other available evidence to support your analysis.

Submit your completed assignment using the link below the rubric.

3) Marketing Plan Performance Evaluation

 

n this assignment, you will submit the Performance Evaluation section of your marketing plan. Refer to the example marketing plan in Appendix B in MindTap for guidance, but in general, this section should detail how the performance of the marketing strategy will be evaluated. Include the performance standards against which you will compare actual performance.

This section should be about 200 words long. It be well organized and written using complete sentences. Include specific details, statistics, and any other available evidence to support your analysis.

Submit your completed assignment using the link below the rubric.

4) Marketing Plan Final Project

 

In this assignment, you will submit your complete marketing plan.

  1. First, revise the six sections you have already turned in as needed based on the new concepts you’ve learned about since you submitted the original versions.
  2. Write an Executive Summary that gives an overview of all of the other six sections and ties them together as a cohesive plan. The Executive Summary does not provide detailed information, but it does allow readers to identify key issues related to their roles in the planning and implementation processes. While the Executive Summary is the first section in a marketing plan, it is usually written last. Your Executive Summary should be 250-500 words long.

Using the Turnitin link below the rubric, submit the Executive Summary and the revised versions of the other six sections together as one document. Each section should be well organized and written using complete sentences. Include specific details, statistics, and any other available evidence to support your analysis.

Submit your completed Marketing Plan using the link below the rubric.

Discuss Foreign Market Commonalities

This is a 4 part assignment – the initial 2 parts of the marketing plan are attached.

1) Marketing Objectives

You will submit the third section of your marketing plan, the Marketing Objectives, as your graded assignment in this module. You should also continue working on the project by considering the questions in the Developing Your Marketing Plan section at the end of your reading for this module. As a reminder, you do not need to submit answers to these questions, but they will help you gather and analyze the information you need to create your marketing plan

2) Marketing Strategies and Implementation

 

In this assignment, you will submit the Marketing Objectives section of your marketing plan project. Marketing objectives describe specific goals that will be achieved through marketing. The development of marketing objectives is based on environmental analysis, SWOT analysis, the firm’s overall corporate objectives, and the organization’s resources.

In your section, identify at least two marketing objectives for your company. For each one, specify the qualitative and quantitative measures of what is to be accomplished.

This section should be 200-300 words long. It should be well organized and written using complete sentences. Include specific details, statistics, and any other available evidence to support your analysis.

Submit your completed assignment using the link below the rubric.

3) Marketing Plan Performance Evaluation

 

n this assignment, you will submit the Performance Evaluation section of your marketing plan. Refer to the example marketing plan in Appendix B in MindTap for guidance, but in general, this section should detail how the performance of the marketing strategy will be evaluated. Include the performance standards against which you will compare actual performance.

This section should be about 200 words long. It be well organized and written using complete sentences. Include specific details, statistics, and any other available evidence to support your analysis.

Submit your completed assignment using the link below the rubric.

4) Marketing Plan Final Project

 

In this assignment, you will submit your complete marketing plan.

  1. First, revise the six sections you have already turned in as needed based on the new concepts you’ve learned about since you submitted the original versions.
  2. Write an Executive Summary that gives an overview of all of the other six sections and ties them together as a cohesive plan. The Executive Summary does not provide detailed information, but it does allow readers to identify key issues related to their roles in the planning and implementation processes. While the Executive Summary is the first section in a marketing plan, it is usually written last. Your Executive Summary should be 250-500 words long.

Using the Turnitin link below the rubric, submit the Executive Summary and the revised versions of the other six sections together as one document. Each section should be well organized and written using complete sentences. Include specific details, statistics, and any other available evidence to support your analysis.

Submit your completed Marketing Plan using the link below the rubric.

Promotion mix strategy

  1. What is the management-research question hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital?
  1. What is the management-research question hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital?
  2. What are the advantages/disadvantages of an observation study for this research?
  3. What does the brand promise recommendation reveal about what researchers experienced and concluded from their study?
  4. If you were designing such an observation study, what would you direct researchers to record/look for/listen for?
  5. What ethical issues would surface in hospital studies in general and this study in particular?A case, answer the following questions:
    1. What is the management-research question hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital?
    2. What are the advantages/disadvantages of an observation study for this research?
    3. What does the brand promise recommendation reveal about what researchers experienced and concluded from their study?
    4. If you were designing such an observation study, what would you direct researchers to record/look for/listen for?
    5. What ethical issues would surface in hospital studies in general and this study in particular?
      1. What is the management-research question hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital?
      1. What is the management-research question hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital?
      2. What are the advantages/disadvantages of an observation study for this research?
      3. What does the brand promise recommendation reveal about what researchers experienced and concluded from their study?
      4. If you were designing such an observation study, what would you direct researchers to record/look for/listen for?
      5. What ethical issues would surface in hospital studies in general and this study in particular?A case, answer the following questions:
        1. What is the management-research question hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital?
        2. What are the advantages/disadvantages of an observation study for this research?
        3. What does the brand promise recommendation reveal about what researchers experienced and concluded from their study?
        4. If you were designing such an observation study, what would you direct researchers to record/look for/listen for?
        5. What ethical issues would surface in hospital studies in general and this study in particular?

Unique Selling Proposition (USP) Creation

 

Use the provided information, as well as your own research, to assess one of the stated brands (Ferrari, NutriSystem, The Children’s Place Clothing or Beats by Dr. Dre) by completing the questions below with an original response to each. At the end of the worksheet, be sure to develop a new original positioning statement and motto for the brand you selected. Submit the completed template in the Week 4 assignment submission link.

 

Name:

Professor’s Name: Week 4 Assignment: Positioning Statement and Motto

Course Title:

Date:

Company/Brand Selected (Ferrari, NutriSystem, The Children’s Place Clothing or Beats by Dr. Dre):

Target Customers/Users

Who are the target customers for the company or brand? Make sure you tell why you selected each item that you did. (Note: DO NOT say “any, all, everyone” or similar. You cannot target everyone, you must be specific.)

Age Bracket: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Gender: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Income Bracket: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Education Level: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Lifestyle: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Psychographics (Interest, Hobbies, Pastimes): (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Values (What the customer values overall in life): (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Other items you would segment up on (optional): (Insert response.)

How does the company currently reach its customers/users? Look at the methods and media the company is currently using to reach the customers/users. What methods and media should the company use to currently reach the customers/users identified above? Why have you decided up on this suggestion?

(Insert response of at least four good sentences addressing all questions.)

What would grab the customers/users’ attention? Why do you think this will capture their attention?

(Insert response of at least four good sentences addressing all questions.)

What do these target customers value from the business and its products? Why do you think they value these items?

(Insert response of at least four good sentences addressing all questions.)

Competitors

Who are the brand’s competitors? Provide at least three competitors and tell why you selected each. 

1. Competitor 1: (Identify this competitor and provide at least two good sentences addressing why you chose them as a leading competitor.)

2. Competitor 2: (Identify this competitor and provide at least two good sentences addressing why you chose them as a leading competitor.)

3. Competitor 3: (Identify this competitor and provide at least two good sentences addressing why you chose them as a leading competitor.)

What product category does the brand fit into? Why have you placed this brand into the product category that you did?

 

Use the provided information, as well as your own research, to assess one of the stated brands (Ferrari, NutriSystem, The Children’s Place Clothing or Beats by Dr. Dre) by completing the questions below with an original response to each. At the end of the worksheet, be sure to develop a new original positioning statement and motto for the brand you selected. Submit the completed template in the Week 4 assignment submission link.

 

Name:

Professor’s Name: Week 4 Assignment: Positioning Statement and Motto

Course Title:

Date:

Company/Brand Selected (Ferrari, NutriSystem, The Children’s Place Clothing or Beats by Dr. Dre):

Target Customers/Users

Who are the target customers for the company or brand? Make sure you tell why you selected each item that you did. (Note: DO NOT say “any, all, everyone” or similar. You cannot target everyone, you must be specific.)

Age Bracket: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Gender: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Income Bracket: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Education Level: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Lifestyle: (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Psychographics (Interest, Hobbies, Pastimes): (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Values (What the customer values overall in life): (Insert response of at least one or two good sentences.)

Other items you would segment up on (optional): (Insert response.)

How does the company currently reach its customers/users? Look at the methods and media the company is currently using to reach the customers/users. What methods and media should the company use to currently reach the customers/users identified above? Why have you decided up on this suggestion?

(Insert response of at least four good sentences addressing all questions.)

What would grab the customers/users’ attention? Why do you think this will capture their attention?

(Insert response of at least four good sentences addressing all questions.)

What do these target customers value from the business and its products? Why do you think they value these items?

(Insert response of at least four good sentences addressing all questions.)

Competitors

Who are the brand’s competitors? Provide at least three competitors and tell why you selected each. 

1. Competitor 1: (Identify this competitor and provide at least two good sentences addressing why you chose them as a leading competitor.)

2. Competitor 2: (Identify this competitor and provide at least two good sentences addressing why you chose them as a leading competitor.)

3. Competitor 3: (Identify this competitor and provide at least two good sentences addressing why you chose them as a leading competitor.)

What product category does the brand fit into? Why have you placed this brand into the product category that you did?

Discuss the principles of Business Communications

In closing a request for a recommendation, you should include

a. an expression of appreciation.

b. an indication that you’ve enclosed a stamped, preaddressed envelope.

c. the full name and address of the person to whom the letter should be sent.

d. all of the above.

 

 

When writing a claim letter, the best way to begin is by

a. complimenting the company for past service.

b. providing a detailed description of the faulty merchandise.

c. providing a straightforward statement of the problem.

d. threatening legal action if you do not receive a favorable adjustment.

 

 

When making a claim or requesting an adjustment, your closing should usually

a. clearly state how angry and disappointed you are.

b. explain the specific details of the problem.

c. request a specific action or express your desire to find a solution.

d. do all of the above.

 

 

Routine, positive messages should do all of the following except

a. leave your reader with a good impression.

b. use an indirect approach.

c. provide all required details.

d. communicate the information or good news.

 

 

In a positive message, the main idea is presented

a. in the first sentence of the middle paragraph.

b. at the end of the middle paragraph.

c. right at the beginning of the letter.

d. in the last sentence of the letter.

 

 

The longest part of a positive message is typically the

a. introduction.

b. body.

c. close.

d. None–all parts are usually the same length.

 

 

If the figures are in by the end of the month we will hopefully be able to begin planning for the upcoming year’s budget, but if they are not then the planning process will most definitely have to wait until later” is an example of

a. a comma splice.

b. an overly long sentence.

c. an indefinite pronoun starter.

d. an awkward pointer.

 

 

Which of the following is an example of a hedging sentence?

a. The report seems to be incomplete.

b. The deadline is next Tuesday.

c. The financial statement needs to have two sections.

d. None of the above is hedging.

In closing a request for a recommendation, you should include

a. an expression of appreciation.

b. an indication that you’ve enclosed a stamped, preaddressed envelope.

c. the full name and address of the person to whom the letter should be sent.

d. all of the above.

 

 

When writing a claim letter, the best way to begin is by

a. complimenting the company for past service.

b. providing a detailed description of the faulty merchandise.

c. providing a straightforward statement of the problem.

d. threatening legal action if you do not receive a favorable adjustment.

 

 

When making a claim or requesting an adjustment, your closing should usually

a. clearly state how angry and disappointed you are.

b. explain the specific details of the problem.

c. request a specific action or express your desire to find a solution.

d. do all of the above.

 

 

Routine, positive messages should do all of the following except

a. leave your reader with a good impression.

b. use an indirect approach.

c. provide all required details.

d. communicate the information or good news.

 

 

In a positive message, the main idea is presented

a. in the first sentence of the middle paragraph.

b. at the end of the middle paragraph.

c. right at the beginning of the letter.

d. in the last sentence of the letter.

 

 

The longest part of a positive message is typically the

a. introduction.

b. body.

c. close.

d. None–all parts are usually the same length.

 

 

If the figures are in by the end of the month we will hopefully be able to begin planning for the upcoming year’s budget, but if they are not then the planning process will most definitely have to wait until later” is an example of

a. a comma splice.

b. an overly long sentence.

c. an indefinite pronoun starter.

d. an awkward pointer.

 

 

Which of the following is an example of a hedging sentence?

a. The report seems to be incomplete.

b. The deadline is next Tuesday.

c. The financial statement needs to have two sections.

d. None of the above is hedging.

 

What Are The Two Main Characteristics Of Survey Research

1 What are the two main characteristics of survey research?
a large random samples and self-report measures
b self-report measures and face-to-face interviews
c face-to-face interviews and statistical analysis
d statistical analysis and large random samples
2 Researchers are most likely to use open-ended items under which of the following conditions?
a They have a specific construct that they want to measure.
b They do not have preconceived ideas about how people will respond.
c They want their data to be quick and easy to analyze.
d They are conducting their survey over the Internet.
3 Which of the following is generally an advantage of closed-ended items over open-ended items?
a They get more directly at the specific variables the researcher is interested in.
b People’s responses are easier to analyze.
c People can respond to them more quickly.
d all of the above
4 True or False.
Rsponses to open-ended items are generally easier to analyze than responses to closed-ended items.
5 The BRUSO model is a model of which of the following?
a how people respond to survey questionnaire items
b the process of administering a survey
c good survey questionnaire items
d none of the above
6 For most purposes, which of the following would be the best response scale?
a Disagree / Neutral / Somewhat Agree / Agree / Strongly Agree
b Disagree / Neutral / Agree
c Do Not Care / Disagree / Neutral / Agree / Care Strongly
d Strongly Disagree / Disagree / Neutral / Agree / Strongly Agree
7 A survey research randomly samples 500 white Americans and 500 black Americans. Which approach has the researcher used?
a stratified random sampling
b cluster sampling
c nonprobability sampling
d simple random sampling
8 What is the best way to address the problem of nonresponse bias?
a ignore the nonresponders when analyzing the data
b force everyone to respond
c do everything possible to maximize response rates
d write unbiased questionnaire items
9 Which survey type generally has the highest response rate?
a in person
b telephone
c mail
d Internet
1What is the defining feature of nonexperimental research?
a It is about personality and individual differences.
b It lacks the manipulation of an independent variable, random assignment, or both.
c It involves only one variable.
d It has high external validity.
11True or False
It is always best to avoid conducting nonexperimental research.
12.Nonexperimental research is appropriate when the independent variable cannot be
manipulated.
13.A quasi-experiment includes the random assignment of participants to conditions or orders
of conditions.1 What are the two main characteristics of survey research?
a large random samples and self-report measures
b self-report measures and face-to-face interviews
c face-to-face interviews and statistical analysis
d statistical analysis and large random samples
2 Researchers are most likely to use open-ended items under which of the following conditions?
a They have a specific construct that they want to measure.
b They do not have preconceived ideas about how people will respond.
c They want their data to be quick and easy to analyze.
d They are conducting their survey over the Internet.
3 Which of the following is generally an advantage of closed-ended items over open-ended items?
a They get more directly at the specific variables the researcher is interested in.
b People’s responses are easier to analyze.
c People can respond to them more quickly.
d all of the above
4 True or False.
Rsponses to open-ended items are generally easier to analyze than responses to closed-ended items.
5 The BRUSO model is a model of which of the following?
a how people respond to survey questionnaire items
b the process of administering a survey
c good survey questionnaire items
d none of the above
6 For most purposes, which of the following would be the best response scale?
a Disagree / Neutral / Somewhat Agree / Agree / Strongly Agree
b Disagree / Neutral / Agree
c Do Not Care / Disagree / Neutral / Agree / Care Strongly
d Strongly Disagree / Disagree / Neutral / Agree / Strongly Agree
7 A survey research randomly samples 500 white Americans and 500 black Americans. Which approach has the researcher used?
a stratified random sampling
b cluster sampling
c nonprobability sampling
d simple random sampling
8 What is the best way to address the problem of nonresponse bias?
a ignore the nonresponders when analyzing the data
b force everyone to respond
c do everything possible to maximize response rates
d write unbiased questionnaire items
9 Which survey type generally has the highest response rate?
a in person
b telephone
c mail
d Internet
1What is the defining feature of nonexperimental research?
a It is about personality and individual differences.
b It lacks the manipulation of an independent variable, random assignment, or both.
c It involves only one variable.
d It has high external validity.
11True or False
It is always best to avoid conducting nonexperimental research.
12.Nonexperimental research is appropriate when the independent variable cannot be
manipulated.
13.A quasi-experiment includes the random assignment of participants to conditions or orders
of conditions.

Discuss Public relations is a management function.

1) Which of the following is/are essential to any comprehensive definition of public relations?

A) Public relations is a planned activity.

B) Public relations is a management function.

C) Public relations is socially responsible.

D) B and C

E) All of the above.

 

2) Award-winning professionals prefer this Hunt and Grunig model of public relations.

A) the process facilitation model

B) the two-way asymmetrical model

C) the two-way symmetrical model

D) the press agentry/publicity model

E) the public information model

 

3) A profession is distinguished from a trade by ________.

A) the establishment of ethical standards

B) ongoing research in support of the profession

C) a form of licensing or government control

D) A and B

E) All of the above.

 

4) One of the advantages of a public relations career is that ________.

A) it is a profession that is understood and respected by most people

B) it is a stress-free profession

C) its skills are transferable across a broad range of career opportunities

D) All of the above.

E) None of the above.

 

5) Public relations practitioners ________.

A) work for nonprofit organizations

B) serve as independent consultants

C) are employed by public relations agencies

D) All of the above.

E) None of the above.

 

6) ________ is one of the four steps in the public relations process.

A) Publicity

B) Promotion

C) Planning

D) Programming

E) Propaganda

7) Among the flaws in the traditional four-step model of public relations is/are that it ________.

A) doesn’t take into account the importance of values

B) implies a process where one step automatically follows another

C) oversimplifies a very dynamic process

D) All of the above.

E) None of the above.

 

8) The first question an organization should ask itself when developing a values statement is:

A) How can we win the respect of others?

B) Why should be care about our customers?

C) Why are we in business?

D) How much money do we want to make?

E) What is in it for us?

 

9) The use of public relations strategies and tactics to foster and enhance the shared interests

and values of an organization and the publics important to its success is known as ________.

A) human relations

B) advertising

C) integrated marketing communications

D) marketing

E) relationship management

 

10) In which broad category of public relations jobs are practitioners least likely to have the term

public relations included in their job titles?

A) governments

B) nonprofit organizations and trade associations

C) corporations

D) independent public relations consultancies

E) public relations agencies

 

11) In which broad category of public relations jobs do practitioners bear the greatest

responsibility of their personal success or failure?

A) independent public relations consultancies

B) governments

C) public relations agencies

D) corporations

E) nonprofit organizations and trade associations

12) According to a University of Georgia survey of 2005 graduates, the average starting salary for

public relations practitioners is ________.

A) $25,000

B) $22,000

C) $16,500

D) $30,000

E) $20,000