Acceptance of claims in business

SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE AND TRUE/FALSE.

1. Accepting a claim solely because it furthers your interests…

a. Is reasonable

b. Is contrary to principles of critical thinking

c. Is consistent with principles of critical thinking

d. Is a shortcut to reliable conclusions

 

2. Reasonable doubt is unacceptable in critical thinking.

a. True

b. False

 

3. Truth-preserving arguments are…

a. Deductive

b. Inductive

c. Invalid

d. Persuasive

 

4. This argument—“If Einstein invented the steam engine, then he’s a great scientist. Einstein did not invent the steam engine. Therefore, he is not a great scientist”—is an example of…

a. Affirming the consequent

b. Affirming the antecedent

c. Denying the antecedent

d. Denying the consequent

 

5. A necessary condition for the occurrence of an event is one without which the event…

a. Could occur given enough time

b. Could possibly occur

c. Cannot occur

d. Is possible

 

6. Good inductive arguments are sound.

a. True

b. False

 

7. Inference is…

a. The essential ingredient in persuasion

b. A critical formulation

c. The process of reasoning from premises to a conclusion

d. The process of inferring from conclusion to premises

 

 

 

8. Critical thinking is the enemy of…

a. Unwarranted assumptions

b. Subjective beliefs

c. Persuasion

d. Creative thinking

 

9. A statement given in support of another statement is called…

a. An indicator

b. A premise

c. A conclusion

d. A non sequitur

 

10. Truth-preserving arguments are…

a. Deductive

b. Inductive

c. Invalid

d. Persuasive

 

11. This argument—“If Einstein invented the steam engine, then he’s a great scientist. Einstein did not invent the steam engine. Therefore, he is not a great scientist”—is an example of…

a. Affirming the consequent

b. Affirming the antecedent

c. Denying the antecedent

d. Denying the consequent

 

12. A necessary condition for the occurrence of an event is one without which the event…

a. Could occur given enough time

b. Could possibly occur

c. Cannot occur

d. Is possible

 

13. Good inductive arguments are sound.

a. True

b. False

 

14. The classic argument—“The Bible says that God exists. The Bible is true because God wrote it. Therefore, God exists”—is an example of…

a. Appeal to emotion

b. Appeal to the person

c. Appeal to tradition

d. Begging the question

 

15. This argument—“Either you support the war or you are a traitor to your country. You don’t support the war. So you’re a traitor”—is an example of…

a. False dilemma

b. Begging the question

c. Equivocation

d. Innuendo

 

16. The drawing of a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size is known as…

a. Equivocation

b. Hasty generalization

c. Begging the question

d. Argument from ignorance

 

 

17. The symbolic form of “It is not the case that philosophy is dead, and it is not true that science has replaced it” is…

a. p vq

b. ~p&~q

c. ~p&q

 

18. The following truth table is for which symbolized argument:

 

a                      b                      a & b               a

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾–¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

T                      T                      T                      T

T                      F                     F                     T

F                     T                      F                     F

F                     F                     F                     F

 

A.

a& b

\a

 

B.

a& b

~a

\b

 

C.

a& b

            b& a

\a

 

D.

~a& b

\a

 

 

19. The following is the truth table for…

 

p          q          p ® q              p          q

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

T          T          T                      T          T

T          F          F                      T          F

F          T          T                      F          T

F          F          T                      F          F

 

a. Affirming the consequent

b. Modus ponens

c. Denying the antecedent

d. Modus tollens