Who benefited most from the issuance of the Royal Proclamation?

Essay Assignment – A Textual Analysis of the Royal Proclamation of 1763

Introduction:

With the conclusion of the Seven Years War, Great Britain became the dominant power in North America. However, having taken over French colonial possessions, the British were not welcomed by many of the First Nations who had been allied with the French (review Pontiac’s War). In order to establish peaceful relationships with the First Nations (and the French settlers), the British negotiated with the First Nations that resulted in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 – which ended the hostilities, for the most part, between the British and the First Nations. This document, the Proclamation, is an enormously important document in Canadian history and its significance reverberates into modern days as First Nations continue to rely on the document when making legal claims about land ownership.

For this assignment, the Learning Objectives are:

• The Reading of excerpts of a primary document/historical document (the Proclamation)• The Contextualizing of said document, taking a British and First Nations’ perspective of the time and formulating your own stance/viewpoint• The Researching and incorporating of one secondary source related to this topic

Prompt Questions:

Write an essay that incorporates and answers the following questions:

Who benefited most from the issuance of the Royal Proclamation? European settlers or First Nations?

Why did the Proclamation of 1763 contribute to a “souring of the relationship” between Great Britain and her subjects (British settlers) in the thirteen colonies?

The document appears to show great concern for the welfare of First Nations. To what extent was this document designed with the intention of supporting and protecting the interests of the indigenous peoples?

Context:

At the end of the Seven Years’ War in 1763, France surrendered Canada and much of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys—two-thirds of eastern North America—to England. The British Proclamation of 1763 “preserved to the said Indians” the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and ordered white settlers “there forthwith to remove themselves from such Settlements,” forbade white settlement, and restricted commerce with the American Indians to traders licensed by the British government, requiring settlers to “take out a License for carrying on such Trade from the Governor or Commander in Chief of any of Our Colonies respectively.” Power over westward expansion was in the hands of British officials, outside the colonists’ control. By preventing the colonial population from moving inland the British ministry hoped to avoid costly wars, protect the western fur trade, and keep western land speculation under the control of the crown. To enforce the proclamation, Britain authorized positioning 10,000 troops along the frontier, with the costs of 250,000 pounds sterling per year to be paid by the colonists. The British settlers, who looked at the new land as an opportunity for settlement without the interference of the British government, resented the terms of the proclamation.

EXCERPT of the Royal Proclamation, 1763

And We do further strictly enjoin and require all Persons whatever, who have either wilfully or inadvertently seated themselves upon any Lands within the Countries above described, or upon any other Lands, which, not having been ceded to, or purchased by Us, are still reserved to the said Indians as aforesaid, forthwith to remove themselves from such Settlements.  And whereas great Frauds and Abuses have been committed in the purchasing Lands of the Indians, to the great Prejudice of Our Interests, and to the great Dissatisfaction of the said Indians; in order therefore to prevent such Irregularities for the future, and to the End that the Indians may be convinced of Our Justice, and determined Resolution to remove all reasonable Cause of Discontent, We do, with the Advice of Our Privy Council, strictly enjoin and require, that no private Person do presume to make any Purchase from the said Indians of any Lands reserved to the said Indians, within those Parts of Our Colonies where We have thought proper to allow Settlement; but that if, at any Time, any of the said Indians should be inclined to dispose of the said Lands, the same shall be purchased only for Us, in Our Name, at some Publick Meeting or Assembly of the said Indians to be held for that Purpose by the Governor or Commander in Chief of Our Colonies respectively, within which they shall lie; and in case they shall lie within the Limits of any Proprietary Government, they shall be purchased only for the Use and in the Name of such Proprietaries, conformable to such Directions and Instructions as We or they shall think proper to give for that Purpose: And We do, by the Advice of Our Privy Council, declare and enjoin, that the Trade with the said Indians shall be free and open to all Our Subjects whatever; provided that every Person who may incline to trade with the said Indians, do take out a License for carrying on such Trade from the Governor or Commander in Chief of any of Our Colonies respectively, where such Person shall reside; and also give Security to observe such Regulations as We shall at any Time think fit, by Ourselves or by Our Commissaries to be appointed for this Purpose, to direct and appoint for the Benefit of the said Trade; and We do hereby authorize, enjoin, and require the Governors and Commanders in Chief of all Our Colonies respectively, as well Those under Our immediate Government as Those under the Government and Direction of Proprietaries, to grant such Licenses without Fee or Reward, taking especial Care to insert therein a Condition, that such License shall be void, and the Security forfeited, in case the Person, to whom the same is granted, shall refuse or neglect to observe such Regulations as We shall think proper to prescribe as aforesaid.

What to do ?

You should follow these steps:

1. Read the excerpt; take notes; write down questions; familiarize yourself with the topic (review our slideshows; review the appropriate textbook section)2. Research an additional secondary source. Go to https://alexandercollege.ca/student-success/library/Links to an external site.3. Search a keyword, such as “Royal Proclamation”; next, limit your results; click on “academic journals”; choose an article of interest and relevance. An Academic article/peer reviewed is typically 20-25 pages long. Book reviews (1-2 pages) do NOT count. 4. Organize your thoughts; think of an argument/thesis, something you want to PROVE, DEMONSTRATE in your essay (remember: your essay is not a summary!); your argument can be the ANSWER to the questions given above. If you have thought about an answer/argument, go to step 55. Write an outline; organize your essay; think about supporting evidence/points you NEED in order to PROVE your point; use one piece of evidence per body paragraph; use multiple paragraphs in your essay (ca. 5); add an introduction (that introduces the topic and establishes context (when, where, who, what, why)); finally add a conclusion (brief summary)6. Write the essay, using the evidence/points you have selected; to use evidence in your paper, use QUOTATIONS and PARAPHRASES (review Chicago Manual Style)